pronephros


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Related to pronephros: mesonephros, metanephros

pro·neph·ros

 (prō-nĕf′rəs, -rŏs′)
n. pl. pro·neph·roi (-roi) or pro·neph·ra (-rə)
A kidneylike organ, being either part of the most anterior pair of three pairs of organs in a vertebrate embryo, disappearing early in the embryonic development of most vertebrates.
[pro- + Greek nephros, kidney.]
pro·neph′ric (-rĭk) adj.
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Copyright © 2016 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

pronephros

(prəʊˈnɛfrɒs)
n, pl -roi (-rɔɪ) or -ra (-rə)
(Zoology) the first-formed anterior part of the embryonic kidney in vertebrates, which remains functional in the larvae of the lower vertebrates. See also mesonephros, metanephros
[C19: New Latin, from pro-2 + Greek nephros kidney]
proˈnephric adj
Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged, 12th Edition 2014 © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2014

pro•neph•ros

(proʊˈnɛf rɒs, -rəs)

n., pl. -roi (-roi), -ra (-rə)
an excretory organ of vertebrate embryos, which in some primitive fishes develops into a functional kidney.
[1875–80; < New Latin < Greek pro- pro-2 + nephrós kidney]
pro•neph′ric, adj.
Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary, © 2010 K Dictionaries Ltd. Copyright 2005, 1997, 1991 by Random House, Inc. All rights reserved.
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References in periodicals archive ?
Exposure to formaldehyde at therapeutic levels decreases peripheral blood lymphocytes and hematopoietic progenitors in the pronephros of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus.
Formalin toxicity to Oreochromis niloticus; its effectiveness against Cichlidogyrus spp. and host stress response
Pronephros, mesonephros, and metanephros represent the three primitive kidneys, present during the various developmental stages of the human embryo.
Crossed Unfused Ectopic Pelvic Kidneys: A Case Illustration
The embryonic kidney develops through three stages: the pronephros, the mesonephros, which both will regress throughout development, and the metanephros, which forms the final kidney.[sup][5]
Effects of Cyclosporine A on the Development of Metanephros in the Pregnant BALB/c Mice
Ultrastructural Changes Induced by Cadmium in Pronephros of Colossoma macropomum
Cambios ultraestructurales inducidos por el cadmio en pronefros de alevines de Colossoma macropomum
In vitro effect of mercuric chloride and sodium selenite on chemiluminescent response of pronephros cells isolated from tilapia, Oreochromis aureus.
Immunotoxicological and histopathological effects of exposure to sublethal concentrations of mercuric chloride (Hg[Cl.sub.2]) in red-bellied pacu (Piaractus brachypomus)/Efectos inmunotoxicologicos e histopatologicos de la exposicion a concentraciones subletales de cloruro de mercurio (Hg[Cl.sub.2]) en cachama blanca (Piaractus brachypomus)/Avaliacao imunotoxicologica ..
miR-30a-5p is strongly produced in the pronephros and increases as kidney development progresses (30, 31).
Increased serum and urinary microRNAs in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome
However, the anterior kidney or pronephros, analog evolutionary of the bone marrow, possesses important hematopoietic functions (precursor hematopoietic cells appear after 96 h as postfertilized (hpf) in mesonephric tubules) and also presents similar functions to those of the adrenal gland of mammals, which is key in connections among the neuroimmune-endocrine systems [6-8].
Influence of the cholinergic system on the immune response of teleost fishes: potential model in biomedical research
(22-25) Deletion of both PAX8 and PAX2 genes prevents generation of the mesonephric (wolffian) duct and subsequent formation of all three embryonic kidneys (pronephros, mesonephros, and metanephros).
PAX2 and PAX8 expression in primary and metastatic renal tumors: a comprehensive comparison
Homozygous Wtl~l~ mice do not undergo differentiation from pronephros to metanephros and die in utero (Kreidberg et al.
A mutant Ahr allele protects the embryonic kidney from hydrocarbon-induced deficits in fetal programming

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