66 Stamen whorls (series when phyllotaxis is spiral; includes inner
staminodes) (0) one, (1) two, (2) more than two.
Female flowers of Amborella trichopoda use
staminodes, which are similar in appearance to the fertile stamens in male flowers (Thien et al., 2003).
Female flowers: to 4-5 mm wide at anthesis; sepals 3(4), <1 mm long, triangular, red tipped; petals 3(4), lanceolate to broadly lanceolate, 1 mm long, 0.5 mm wide;
staminodes (5)6, anthers <1 mm long, sterile, filaments 1 mm long, free, inserted on edge of annular, papillose disk; ovary superior, 3-celled, style short, stigma 3-lobed, tiny; fruits subglobose, 3-angles, glabrous; exocarp 3-valved; pyrene one per fruit, covered all by a yellow-reddish pseudoaril; seeds one per fruit, rounded, 5-6 mm diameter, hilum with an irregular depression.
Inflorescences axillary or terminal, racemose, 2-33 flowered; bracts persistent or deciduous; bracteoles absent; flowers zygomorphic or asymmetric; Sepals 5, two smaller and three larger; petals 5, yellow or orange base; stamens 7, heteromorphic, 4 smaller median, subsessile, fillet erect, 2-3 abaxial larger, 2 laterals, fillets curved, twice the length of the anthers, 1 central, fillet erect, less than anther, 3-4 adaxial
staminodes, anthers dehiscent through apical sutures.
Female flowers in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) possess tricarpellary apocarpous pistil consisting of three independent carpels, while rudimentary androecium is represented by two whorls of three
staminodes each alternately arranged in antepetalous and antesepalous position (DeMason et al., 1982).
2 mm in diameter, glabrous, stigma branches three, white, linear, 1-2 mm long, recurved;
staminodes white, laminar, triangular, ca.
Fruit obovoid to 2 cm high and 1.8 cm in diameter, often with abortive carpels visible and more or less developed, exocarp nearly smooth when fresh, red at maturity, dotted with lenticels, perianth with triangular petals,
staminodes triangular, obtuse at apex, to 2 mm long, sometimes with abortive anther.
The 13 menus allow all the major aspects of a flower to be recorded, although some more technical aspects (e.g., presence of
staminodes, short and long stamens) that are found in some floral formulae cannot be recorded.
Fully hardy and into flower around mid April, the nodding, long, 3 in petals are snow white with yellow-tipped white
staminodes (the brush like stamens in the centre).
Cacao flowers need pollen vectors because the stigmas are surrounded by a fence of
staminodes and the anthers are hidden inside cave-shaped petal hoods; thus, anthers and stigmas are widely separated within the flower (e.g., Kaufmann, 1975).
Female flowers often possess characters such as indehiscent anthers (Bawa 1977),
staminodes (Agren et al.
Flowers sessile, buds clavate; epicalyx greenish; corolla 6-merous, 0.3-0.4 cm in length, greenish, valvate; stamens-6, majors 0.4 X 0.1cm, minors 0.3 X 0.1 cm, included; ovary obovate, 0.2 cm in length; style cylindrical, 0.3-0.4 cm in length, presenting filiform
staminodes of compressed thecae.