"Enamel resembles a layer of natural inorganic crystalline mineral and is primarily composed of
nonstoichiometric fluoridated carbonate apatite crystals that are tightly packed with well-defined orientations to ensure striking hardness," said Dr.
Usually, the necessary oxygen vacancy concentration in the metal oxide films for the memristor devices is achieved either by deposition of the
nonstoichiometric oxide films or by the postdeposition vacuum annealing.
The EDS analysis indicates sulfur-rich sulfides (
nonstoichiometric FeS) in the crystalline region depicted in Figure 6(f).
Ti[O.sub.2] usually presents oxygen vacancies; these defects can be controlled experimentally based on
nonstoichiometric conditions of synthesis (Ti excess or oxygen deficiency) or by heating the sample in a vacuum at 900 K [37-39].
Kiridena, "Ti[O.sub.2] and W[O.sub.3] semiconductor particles in contact: photochemical reduction of W[O.sub.3] to the
nonstoichiometric blue form," Semiconductor Science and Technology, vol.
For
nonstoichiometric formulations with excess of epoxy monomer, the epoxy rings could, in principle, react with these hydroxyl groups, but this secondary reaction will not contribute to the reduction of the number of hydrophilic OH groups [24, 25].
A number of reports have been published for the synthesis of g-[C.sub.3][N.sub.4] and even other graphitic forms with
nonstoichiometric compositions on the basis of various techniques such as CVD [8-10], solid reaction [11-17], solvothermal method [18-22], and thermal decomposition of compounds [23-26].
Sakka, "Calibration-free analysis of immersed brass alloys using long-ns-duration pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy with and without correction for
nonstoichiometric ablation," Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy, vol.
Consequently, the nitride phases are
nonstoichiometric compounds, and nanograins contain a large number of additional sites at the locations of nitrogen atoms.