From these roots in folk culture and history, she began her work on a series of sixty ballads called Angel in the Forest, which was to be a poetic history of the early nineteenth-century
Rappite and Owenite utopian communities in New Harmony, Indiana.
Peter Kaufmann (1800-1869) founded the first "Labor for Love" store in Reading, Pennsylvania before joining the
Rappite community in Economy, Pennsylvania.
As such Queenwood deserves to be compared to New Harmony in Indiana (1825-7), except that the latter was founded in an existing
Rappite town whereas Harmony in England was built on a green-field site and so was a unique statement of practical Owenism" (1).
The large band of unhappy
Rappites continued to mingle freely with the visitors.
Crump agreed with many of Richardson's views, adding that he had "lost most of my faith in Man." An article in The Regenerator on John Minter Morgan started Crump thinking about the various schemes for pauper colonies and other communitarian groups such as the Shakers and the
Rappites. Crump was no longer convinced that such schemes were practical.
Such a community, he believed, had to be removed from the pervasive corruption of the old order and so a township and estate of 20,000 acres was purchased in the American state of Indiana from a German Pietist sect, the
Rappites.
New Harmony, whether under the
Rappites or the Owenites.
The first celibate, millenialistic community was called Harmonists or
Rappites after their founder George Rapp; the second group was called Owenites after their leader, the Scottish social reformer Robert Owen.
Picking up on this promised land theme many "utopian communities" capitalizing on the now abundant land were spawned, such as the
Rappites and Separatists, Robert Owen and the New Harmony Society, Mormons, Shakers, and the Oneida Community.
In New Harmony, Indiana, an Adventist sect called the
Rappites was established by George Rapp.
were the
Rappites, so-called after their leader George Rapp, who emigrated from Germany in 1803.
In 1815 the
Rappites moved to Harmony, or New Harmony, in Indiana.