To date, there are some demonstrations of conditioned inhibition that have followed Papini and Bitterman's (1993) recommendations, for example, Cole, Bamet, and Miller (1997) using rats as subjects in an
aversive conditioning paradigm, and Acebes, Solar, Moris, and Loy (2012) with snails as subjects using an appetitive paradigm.
Robbins, "Complementary roles for the amygdala and hippocampus in
aversive conditioning to explicit and contextual cues," Neuroscience, vol.
In the
aversive conditioning paradigm, two erotic pictures were used as the CS, and the CS+ was followed by a mild electric shock to the wrist (US).
Aversive conditioning with LiCl works similarly in goats, horses, sheep and cattle (RALPHS & OLSEN, 1990; 1992; RALPHS & CHENEY, 1993; RALPHS et al., 1994; PFISTER & PRICE, 1996; PFISTER et al., 2002; DUNCAN & YOUNG, 2002), and has been used to train animals to avoid toxic plants that may vary greatly in palatability (RALPHS et al., 1994; DUMONT & BOISSY, 1999; MANUELIAN et al., 2010; 2014).
It took off in the opposite direction and I headed back over to the group with a golden opportunity to discuss
aversive conditioning and its importance in urban human-coyote conflict management.
This edition has been updated and reorganized to place biological influences after the discussion of appetitive and
aversive conditioning, and separates Pavlovian conditioning, appetitive conditioning, and
aversive conditioning into single chapters.
To this extent, our results parallel somehow those reported using
aversive conditioning paradigms where the acquisition of CS+/UCS associations (as measured by fear-startle potentiation) does not necessarily require contingency awareness, suggesting that this emotional learning is automatic and obligatory.
The use of
aversive conditioning in the forms of electric shock, chemical, and imagery were found to be beneficial when paired with non-aversive interventions for the treatment of alcoholism (Nathan, 1976).