vulcanology

Stefano Branca, an expert with the National Institute of Geophysics and Vulcanology (INGV), said there had been a "paroxysmal eruption" on the island, when high-pressure magma explodes from a shallow, underground reservoir.

Be sure to visit the city's lore-riddled icon, u Liotru, an ancient stone elephant topped by an Egyptian obelisk, or marvel at the well-preserved remains of one the region's actual prehistoric dwarf elephants at the Catanian Museum of Mineralogy, Palaeontology and Vulcanology.

The national institute for geophysics and vulcanology (INGV) said the quake happened in the middle of the night and was only one kilometre (0.6 miles) deep.

James said: "I didn't get seriously into cycling until I went to Japan to study vulcanology - I had already been to Iceland in 2010 when a major eruption disrupted air travel.

According to the National Institute for Seismology, Vulcanology, Meteorology and Hydrology, the explosion occurred at around 9.20pm and was the first strong volcanic activity in the last six weeks, reports Efe news.

Guatemala's seismology and vulcanology institute said the smoke billowing from the volcano could produce a "curtain" of ash that could reach 20,000ft above sea level, posing a danger to air traffic.

But according to Guatemala's National Institute of Seismology, Vulcanology, Meteorology and Hydrology last night: "The eruption is reaching its end with weak-to-moderate explosions and incandescence in its crater."

EDT) the National Institute for Seismology, Vulcanology, Meteorology and Hydrology of Guatemala (INSIVUMEH) confirmed the volcano had finally stopped erupting, tweeting the following report regarding volcanic activity:

But for the past two weeks, its"day-to-day conditions have recorded a general decline in unrest,"according to the Philippine Institute of Vulcanology and Seismology (Phivolcs).

Carlo Doglioni, president of Italy's National Institute for Geophysics and Vulcanology, said that the intense activity surrounding a series of faults in central Italy is not abnormal.

Seismologist Gianluca Valensise, of Italy's National Institute for Geophysics and Vulcanology, said it had a "geodynamic link" to the one in August.

Many people without shelter are to be brought to the coast, prompting the mayor of the Adriatic city of Civitanova, Tommasso Corvatta, to speak of an "epochal migration." Sunday's earthquake hit at 7:40 am (0640 GMT) in the Sibillini park, a rugged mountain area straddling the Marche and Umbria regions about 120 kilometres north-east of Rome, according to the Italian National Institute of Geophysics and Vulcanology (INGV).