For the linearly polarized backscattering cross section, the quad-polarized covariance matrix is used for the ocean
surface wave polarization signatures, as follows [31]:
The design of the mushroom-like EBG structure was based on the high-impedance surface (HIS) principle [6] and subsequently incorporated onto the antenna substrate for suppressing the
surface wave [7].
To estimate these characteristics, we applied five geophysical methods: spectral ratio (HIV), frequency-wavenumber (F-K), multichannel analysis of
surface waves (MASW), multichannel analysis of microtremor (MAM), and gravimetric method.
Dal Moro, G.: 2014,
Surface wave analysis for near surface applications.
(94) This method is particularly feasible for locating sources using
surface wave propagation for frequencies above 0.05 Hz because it is less sensitive to uncertainties associated with strong lateral heterogeneity in the crust than the beamforming method is.
In the aspect of advanced detection of
surface wave and scattered wave in underground coal mine, the advanced detection technique of Rayleigh
surface wave was carried out in Fangezhuang Mine (Cheng et al., 2014).
At resonance frequency, high impedance could be obtained and hence the EBG do not support any
surface wave near the resonance frequency, resulting in a frequency band gap.
Storms moving over the ocean can leave "secret" traces on the seafloor known as ripple bedforms, which develop when
surface waves create seafloor currents that disrupt sediment and form ripples on the ocean floor.
Bloch
Surface Waves (BSW) are light waves that travel on the surface of insulating--or dielectric--materials, such as glass.
Bloch
surface waves (BSW) are light waves that travel on the surface of insulating - or "dielectric" - materials, such as glass.
The underlying design approach has much wider applications, ranging from microwave to optics for the control of any kind of electromagnetic
surface waves.