Extrapontine
myelinolysis (EPM) is a common metabolic disorder and it is associated with neurological complications.
Doctors determined that the woman experienced central pontine
myelinolysis, which is a neurological disorder that occurs when the body's sodium levels rise quickly, pull water from the brain cells, and cause nerve damage, according to the National Institutes of Health. Symptoms include lessened awareness and difficulty speaking and swallowing. The woman is currently unable to talk, swallow, move, or speak.
Caution is recommended when administering intravenous dextrose-containing solutions in patients with prolonged fasting, as it may be associated with complications such as Wernicke's encephalopathy and central pontine
myelinolysis. In the scenario of hypoglycaemia, 50% dextrose should be administered via a central catheter as it may cause irritation when administered peripherally.
WD of MCPs can also occur after pontine hemorrhage and central pontine
myelinolysis, not only pons infarction.[6] Moreover, in clinical practice, WD may mimic ischemic cerebrovascular disease due to similar signals on MRI,[6] especially in patients with multiple vascular risk factors.
The osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS) consisting of central and extra pontine
myelinolysis is a relatively rare complication of DKA.
One patient had complication secondary to treatment of hyponatremia resulting in central pontine
myelinolysis [20].
There is no risk of central pontine
myelinolysis with this therapy in the context of EAHE.
In the presence of hyponatremia, rapid replacement should be avoided due to the risk of central pontine
myelinolysis. Renal functions should also be closely monitored because patients with RFS have a higher renal risk.
To evaluate alcohol's central nervous system effects, researchers distinguish "uncomplicated alcoholism" (i.e., alcohol use disorder [AUD]) from the various clinically diagnosable consequences of chronic alcohol consumption, including Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE), Korsakoff's syndrome (KS), hepatic encephalopathy (HE), central pontine
myelinolysis (CPM), alcoholic cerebellar degeneration (ACD), alcohol-related dementia (ARD), and Marchiafava-Bignami disease (MBD).
Central pontine and extra-pontine
myelinolysis: the osmotic demyelination syndromes.
Patients with possible hyponatraemic encephalopathy should be urgently treated according to the protocols of management of severe hyponatraemia but caution must be taken to avoid rapid correction of chronic hyponatraemia, which might put patients at risk for central pontine
myelinolysis.