dose rate

So far, the logic upset dose rate to pulsed ionizing radiation of 20 ns or less was demonstrated to fall into the range of [10.sup.10] to [10.sup.11] Rad(GaAs)/s as predicted for devices of 1-mum channel length and taking into account the substrate shunting currents.

The dynamic evaluation reveals that the instant dose rate varies considerably as the fuels move to different heights (Figure 5(b)).

Volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT), the novel form of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) that was first pioneered by Yu [sup][1] in 1995, involves a single arc of 360[degrees] or less that is delivered under continuous variation of multileaf collimator (MLC) segments, dose rate, and gantry speed.

For example, it is of interest that those children experiencing the highest estimated background dose rates are those who live in rural areas and in neighborhoods of lowest socioeconomic status.

Single fraction Intraluminal high dose rate radiotherapy for palliation of dysphagia in advanced esophageal cancer.

The equation of death rate of the probacent model was applied to predict age-specific death rate in the US elderly population, 2001[7] and to express the relationship between dose rate and survival probability in total body irradiation in humans.[8],[9] The results of the above two studies revealed a close agreement between 'probacent'-formula-derived and published-reported values of death rates in humans or survival probability in humans ( P > 0.995).

Dose rate is the proper variable for assessing the Taiwan exposures, and longevity (not cancer) is the more appropriate measure of the health effect.

Currently, there is debate among clinicians on whether varying dose rate is actually effective in radiotherapy treatment.

Nonetheless, high dose rate (HDR) surface mould brachytherapy is a safe and simple alternative to surgery, in selected cases, as it successfully eradicates the tumor and also preserves hand function.

During the design of the facility to comply with regulatory norms [9] in radiation protection, it is necessary to provide the shielding study, besides assuming all the security requirements [10], like demarcation of controlled and uncontrolled zones [11], limits and restrictions for the dose rate [12] [14].

According to the AAPM TG43,[sup][10] the dose rate in water surrounding a [sup]125 I source can be calculated as follows: