biramous

As with other planktonic copepods (Kiorboe 2011), adult monstrilloids have four pairs of biramous swimming legs.

In some embryos, we observed transient biramous antennules (Fig.

Biramous parapodia with a dorsal cirrus longer than ventral cirrus, both filiform.

The spider spinnerets are thought to arise evolutionarily from biramous opisthosomal appendages, similar to those reported for other arthropods (Shultz 1987).

The terminal of all swimming legs was biramous (Figs.

All parapodia biramous. Subpodial lobes and stomach papillae absent.

A second region, the peraeon, of 7 segments, each with a pair of legs (peraeopods) and third region, pleaon, of 6 segments with pair of pleopods, except the last which together with biramous uropods form a swimming tail pleotelson [15].

The deeply biramous surstyli in combination with the apically projecting and very pointed cerci armed with three pairs of giant setae are diagnostic male characters not seen in other anthomyiid genera.

First to 4th pair of legs biramous, 1st to 3rd near equal size and 4th higher than the other; sympods 2-segmented; flagellum present on 1st and 2nd legs; extending medially from origin on dorsal surface at base of exopod.

Biramous limbs and nauplius larvae, apomorphic characters for crustaceans, can readily be optimized on an evolutionary tree, showing students why these taxa and other crustaceans share taxonomic identity.

First or first few anteriormost setigers generally uniramous, biramous thereafter with inconspicuous parapodial lobes.