Screening of refractive errors, according to the defined protocols with required instruments (
Snellen charts, refraction boxes with trial frames, autorefractometer, retinoscope, ophthalmoscope and hand-held slit lamp etc.) and logistics by a team of optometrists supervised by an ophthalmologist was managed in the schools.13 Visual Acuity (VA) of the study subjects was evaluated with the Standard
Snellen Chart placed at a distance of six meters.
Visual acuity assessment with
Snellen chart and then conversion to Log Mar values.
The patients with periorbital edema and/or redness, and normal eye movements were diagnosed with preseptal cellulitis, whereas at least one of following findings of limited eye movement, inflammation signs in the conjunctiva, orbital pain, decreased VA (for at least 2 lines on the
Snellen chart), afferent pupillary defect signs or radiological imaging detecting inflammation in the orbital region, were accepted for a diagnosis of orbital cellulitis (1-3).
After 3 months of operation vision was 0.8 with
Snellen chart. IOL was centrally located.
plate test and
Snellen chart. (6) Pass criteria were reading the number
All patients had previously been diagnosed with Graves' disease, had best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) [greater than or equal to]0.7 (
Snellen chart), enlarged extraocular muscles on multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) scans, and active TAO confirmed by a clinical activity score [greater than or equal to]4 (13).
According to the ophthalmological examination protocol, all patients were subjected to visual acuity test using
Snellen chart; ocular tension measurement using Goldmann applanation tonometer; biomicroscopic examination; central 10-degree visual field test using Octopus 900 (Interzeag AG, Schlieren-Zurich, Switzerland); fundus autofluorescence photography and color fundus photograph examination using Visucam NM/FA (Carl Zeiss, Germany), and macular RGC-IPL thickness and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measurements using Cirrus high-definition OCT, model 5000 (Carl Zeiss Meditec Inc., Jena, Germany).
Best corrected visual acuity on
Snellen chart was 10/10 in both eyes.
Visual acuity was measured using
Snellen chart, E chart or broken ring chart with and without glasses.
However, if the user says wrong answer three times consecutively, eyesight ratio is produced by the system to the user referencing to
Snellen Chart's information.
This preliminary report utilized the quantitative study design due to the amount of data collection and analysis throughout the experiment, including visual acuity charts, such as Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) and the Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA) exam administered on the
Snellen chart (Schwartz et al., 2012, p.