Haytian

Pease makes a connection between Emerson and Barack Obama on the basis of "the anti-slave," a phrase from Emerson's 1844 "Address [...] on the Anniversary of the Emancipation of the Negroes in the British West Indies." At the climax of the address, Emerson praises black freedom fighters, particularly Toussaint Louverture and the "Haytian heroes" of the 1790s.

The Origins of Pan-African Nationalism: Afro-American and Haytian Relations, 1800-1862.

As Gina Athena Ulysse writes, following the Haitian Revolution, the media "silenced, feared, reconstrued and rewr[ote] [Haiti] as the 'Haytian fear'--code for an unruly and barbaric blackness that threatened to export black revolution to neighboring islands and disrupt colonial power" (Ulysse 2012, 243).

The "Haytian Emigration" movement was well known in the African American community; for African Americans' response to the Haitian Revolution in the ninetieth century, see Dewey; Holly.

Port au Prince was quite an awful scene of thriftlessness and silly pretense__but one or two little Haytian harbours and the high green coast were most lovely.