Additionally, three Tenthredinidae (Caliroa cerasi (L., 1758),
Fenusa dohrnii (Tischbein, 1846) and Nematus oligospilus Forster, 1854), as well as the siricid Sirex noctilio Fabricius, 1793 are established, introduced species.
Birch leafminer (Fenusa pusilla [Lepeletier]) (= pumila Klug) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), an invasive Palearctic leaf mining sawfly attacking several species of Betula, has been present in North America for at least 85 years, and was first recorded in Connecticut (Friend 1933).
Fenusa pusilla, which remained a high-density pest in the northeastern United States throughout the 20th century, has now come under complete biological control in MA, CT, RI, NY (Long Island), PA, and northern NJ due to the introduced parasitoid L.
Preliminary life tables and notes on mortality factors of the birch leaf miner, Fenusa pusilla (Lepeletier) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), on blue birch, Betula caerulea grandis Blanchard, in Quebec.