hispanica, Ononis cristata, Leucanthemum pallens, Medicago sativa and
Cirsium acaule may lead to interpret this type of vegetation as belonging to the Cirsio-Onobrychidetum hispanicae, but Festuca hystrix and Thymus bracteatus are also diagnostic and are even more abundant (cover values from 20 to 40%).
Accordingly Chenopodium album, Chenopodium murale, Convolvulus arvensis, Melilotus indica, Anagallis arvensis,
Cirsium arvensis, Coronopus didymus, Lathyrus aphaca, Medicago polymorpha, Polygonum plebejum, Rumex dentatus, Gallium aparine, Cnicus arvensis, Ephedra spp., Cynodon dactylon, Cenchrus setigerus, Trianthema partulacastrum, Anagalis arvensis, Trianthema pentandra, Fumaria indica, Centaurea iberica, Carthamus oxyacantha, Asphodelus tenuifolius, Datura fastuosa, Vicia sativa, Spergula arvensis,
Cirsium arvensis, Medicago polymorpha, Trigonella monantha, Tribulus terrestris, Phalaris minor, Avena fatua.
and Vaccinium vitis-idaea L., appeared only at farther distances, whereas in the area polluted by alkaline dust, nitropfhilic species typical of more fertile site types, such as Rubus idaeus L., Rubus caesius L., Epilobium angustifolium L.,
Cirsium oleraceum (L.) Scop., Poaceae sp.
3.9 75.0 5.7 100.0 Forbs 14.7 90.0 8.3 95.2 Asteraceae - - 0.1 9.5 Brassicaceae + 5.0 - - Daucaceae - - - - Fabaceae 0.3 15.0 + 14.3 Lamiaceae + 10.0 + 19.0 Ranunculaceae + 10.0 + 4.8
Cirsium sp.
Two particular targets are Sericea lespedeza, a shrubby legume native to Asia, and Canada thistle (
Cirsium arvensis), a perennial with a vigorous rootstock.
sylvestrus (Dipsacaceae) with 14 species associations, Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus (Hook.) (Asteraceae) with eight associations, Chrysothamnus nauseosus (Pall.) (Asteraceae) with seven,
Cirsium arvense (L.) (Asteraceae) and Sisymbrium altissimum L.
PAINTED LADY (Vanessa cardui)--Thistles (
Cirsium spp.)
Thistle (
Cirsium spp.) Young stems peeled to remove stem fibers and leaves with spines cut off.
Cichorium intybus L NL I D
Cirsium altissimum NL I W D F V (L.) Sprengel.
Recent work with Canada thistle [[C.sub.3] broadleaf,
Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.] grown in monoculture under field conditions indicated that in addition to growth stimulation, a greater root to shoot ratio and subsequent belowground dilution of glyphosate increased glyphosate tolerance at elevated relative to ambient [C[O.sub.2]] (Ziska et al., 2004).
On those rocky slopes, alpine thistles (
Cirsium scopulorum) spend several years as low, slow growers.
Cirsium - plume thistles