The present finding of unexpected association between DSD and infertility in Kerala population was observed on 1st March 2018 at Sree Avittom Thirunal Hospital of Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India during karyotyping and molecular characterization of
azoospermic male patients.
The presence of varicocele is observed in 4-13% of
azoospermic patients (3).
A locus located on Yq11 contains genes which have been involved in male infertility, called
azoospermic factor (AZF) region.
Thirty percent of childhood cancer survivors are
azoospermic (Thomson et al., 2002).
Hatirnaz and Hatirnaz (47) reported a patient with genuine Empty Follicle syndrome (EFS) who benefited from IVM oocytes retrieved from the patient and matured, but her partner was
azoospermic and only a few sperms were derived from the microsurgical TESE (micro-TESE) procedure and one embryo on day 2 was transferred with a negative pregnancy test (47).
Overweight and obese men were, respectively, more than one and a half and about two and a half times more likely to be
azoospermic compared to normal weight men.
These results are in accordance with other studies who found a significant difference of seminal plasma zinc concentration among
azoospermic, oligozoospermic and normozoospermic men [30,31].
In a retrospective study [128] of 178 TC patients treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy in England, 64%, 24%, and 15% of patients who were normospermic, oligospermic and
azoospermic, respectively, in the prechemotherapy period recovered normal spermatogenesis at least one year after chemotherapy completion.
reported a successful transseptal orchidopexy in a 21-year-old
azoospermic adult with two equal-sized fused testes but with two distinct separate spermatic cords and normal vas [16].
Isolation of male germ stem cell-like cells from testicular tissue of non-obstructive
azoospermic patients and differentiation into haploid male germ cells in vitro.
Agarwal, "Comparison ofsperm retrieval and reproductive outcome in
azoospermic men with testicular failure and obstructive azoospermia treated for infertility," Asian Journal of Andrology, vol.