Construction began in 447 BC when the
Athenian Empire was at the peak of its power.
However, with the Delian League slowly morphing into the
Athenian empire, the Athenians found themselves able to draw on vast resources.
Fast-forward to 396 BCE and the
Athenian empire. Despite its prestige, grain dealers who "hoarded" their product faced the death penalty, making the modest punishment in Wickard v.
The 27-year Peloponnesian War, fought from 431 to 404 BC between the
Athenian Empire and the Peloponnesian League, headed by Sparta, was a pivotal event in the development of Western Civilization, but it is almost unknown to most people-and I think I know why: Because despite its earth-shaking episodes, crazy twists and turns, plots and puzzles, history teachers and the writers of history books have succeeded in making this momentous story duller than dirt.
City of Suppliants: Tragedy and the
Athenian Empire. By Angeliki Tzanetou.
She argues that the increasing connectivity of the Classical world--which included the Aegean region; the
Athenian Empire in the fifth century BC; areas conquered by Alexander the Great; and an increasingly vast Roman Empire--gave rise to the development of money, monetary systems such as coinage, as well as to complex monetary networks.
Wordsworth, "On the Extinction of the Venetian Republic") Beginning in about the twelfth century, the Venetian "Empire" was a fluid one, and can be compared to the short-lived
Athenian Empire a millennium and a half earlier.
The benefits of the early
Athenian Empire in maintaining security and fostering economic growth, before hubris and strategic overreach doomed it, are analyzed by Donald Kagan in "Pericles, Thucydides, and the Defense of Empire." In one of the weakest chapters, David Berkey presents "Why Fortifications Endure" with respect to the diverse economic, political, and military agendas that led to the walls of Athens.
Golf next discusses tragedy in 415 BCE, making a pointed connection between later Euripides and the later
Athenian empire. Trojan Women is to be considered mature, radical, and extreme theater, in which Euripides eschews the spectacular stage effects commonplace by this time: multiple entrances and exits involving the three speaking parts, elaborate scene-painting, the crane (mechane), the wheeled platform (ekkuklema), and the deus ex machina.
This edition incorporates new scholarship and more on the Delian League and the
Athenian Empire, more sources, and extended discussion of the growth of Athenian imperialism towards Samos, Mytilene, and Melos.
He was as interested in the trees and timber of the ancient Mediterranean as he was in the politics, economics and ideology of the fifth-century BC
Athenian empire and was more expert in the archaeology and history of the Roman port of Ostia than of Peiraieus.
Steiner, "The mbqr at Qumran, the episkopos in the
Athenian Empire, and the Meaning of Ibqr' in Ezra 7:14: On the Relation of Ezra's Mission to the Persian Legal Project," JBL 120 [2001]: 623-46.)