staminode

However, the reproductive organs (stamen and pistil) are isolated in the flower by two morphological barriers: the staminode crown, which isolates the stigmatic arms, and the petals (cogule) involving the anthers.

Trees; leaves digitate; staminode undeveloped, 8-10 mm.

Torchio (1974) described how females of a pollen-wasp butt the staminode to reach the nectaries, thereby rasping their punctate thoracic dorsa against the dentate anthers.

In Lecythidaceae, Lecythidoideae have predominantly monosymmetric flowers, mainly with different stamen (staminode) shapes (Tsou & Mori, 2007).

In Heliconia, a single stamen develops as an infertile, often callose, staminode (Kirchoff et al., 2009).

For identification and description of the different species we used the morphological characters of growth habit, leaf-size, flower-size, petal-size, nectar scale and staminode size and shape, and also the density of setae and trichomes (scabrid and glochidiate).

Different definitions can be applied for staminodes. For Watson and Dallwitz (1992-), a staminode is a sterile stamen, or a modified structure identifiable as such, borne in the androecial region of the flower.

The adaxial and abaxial stamen pairs show various degrees of asymmetry; either pair can be missing entirely or develop only as staminodes, or there may be a fifth stamen or staminode present in the adaxial median position.

The interaction between pollinator size and the bristle staminode of Penstemon digitalis (Scrophulariaceae).