Lupinus perennis

We used linear models to explore between-group differences in the abundances of four species of conservation interest: wild lupine (Lupinus perennis), butterfly weed (Asclepias tuberosa), spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa), and St.

It was interesting to note that threatened and endangered species (e.g., Digitaria filiformis, Lupinus perennis, and Panicum lindheimeri) also were present.

The range of the Karner blue is also limited by the distribution of wild lupine (Lupinus perennis), the only known food source for the Karner blue in its larval stage (U.S.

Among legumes, Lupinus perennis had significant effects in all 9 tests, Lespedeza capitat in 6 tests, and Petalostemum in 2 tests.

Oak savanna can be described as an area dominated by scattered oak (canopy cover 5-80%) on well-drained, sandy soils created from glacial outwash, supporting an understory consisting of graminoids and shrubs with indicator species such as little blue stem (Schizachyrium scoparium) and wild blue lupine (Lupinus perennis; Faber-Langendoen, 2001).

Abundant forbs were Agalinis tenuifolia (slender gerardia), Aster oolentangiensis, Comandra umbellata (star toadflax), Conyza canadensis (horseweed), Eupborbia corollata (flowering spurge), Fragaria virginiana, Lechea leggettii (pinweed), Lupinus perennis (wild lupine), Phlox pilosa (prairie phlox), Potentilla simplex, Pleridium aquilinum, Rubus flagellaris, and Solidago nemoralis (gray goldenrod).

The primary food of Karner blue larvae is wild lupine (Lupinus perennis), which requires open to partially shaded areas such as oak savanna to survive.

As larvae, the butterfly's sole food plant is wild lupine (Lupinus perennis), but the adults feed on nectar from a number of flowering plants.

While most animal species rely on a stable habitat, Karner blue butterflies depend on disturbances within their habitat to create or maintain openings for the growth of its larval food plant, wild blue lupine (Lupinus perennis).