When a
cytologic specimen demonstrates prominent longitudinal nuclear grooving, a wide range of pathologic lesions should be considered, such as dermatopathic lymphadenopathy.
(2) Granulocytic sarcoma occurs in 3-7% cases of AML and it can present before, during or even after the diagnosis of AML (7) Granulocytic sarcoma may present as a serous effusion and can be diagnosed on a
cytologic specimen. (10)
Sampling error is reduced, since all the cells are transferred into solution, in contrast with the conventional Pap test (CPT), in which only 20% of the cells are actually transferred to the glass slide.[3] The
cytologic specimen in solution is then sent to the laboratory where most of the debris, leukocytes, and erythrocytes are filtered from the specimen and a thin layer Pap test is prepared using a special processor.
Sputum is the most commonly obtained
cytologic specimen in the initial workup of bacterial pneumonia.
The purposes of this study were (1) to determine the efficacy of a second-generation (HC II) HPV DNA test to detect carcinogenic HPV from residual cells of a liquid-based cervical
cytologic specimen, and (2) to compare the performance of the HC II test with the standard HCT HPV test from a direct cervical swab sampling to detect cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in women with Pap smear reports of ASCUS and LSIL.
FISH can be performed on an FFPE tissue or
cytologic specimen. Its testing requires a minimum of 50 to 100 tumor cells and, thus, can be mostly implemented in both material types.
However, it demands that health-care professionals perform cervical screening in a thoughtful and conscientious way so that the
cytologic specimen contains cells from the cervical areas most often involved in disease states.
To assess the extent to which differences in
cytologic specimen types and processing steps influence IHC test results, laboratories should test a selected set of commonly ordered markers (eg, keratin, CD45, S100, ER) in a set of
cytologic specimen types used for IHC staining.
Increasing acceptance of molecular tests into cytopathologic practice is also highlighted by a recent recommendation from the International Mesothelioma Interest Group to conduct p16 (by FISH) and BAP1 (by immunohistochemistry) staining in
cytologic specimens suspicious for mesothelioma.
Because of potential differences in the handling and processing of cytologic preparations, appropriate evaluation of HER2 staining of
cytologic specimens before testing and reporting patient sample is recommended.