circulation

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Related to circulation: circulatory system, Blood circulation, JACC

cir·cu·la·tion

(sûr′kyə-lā′shən)

1. Movement in a circle or circuit, especially the movement of blood through bodily vessels as a result of the heart's pumping action.

a. Movement or passage through a system of vessels, as of water through pipes; flow.

b. Free movement or passage.

3. The passing of something, such as money or news, from place to place or person to person.

a. The condition of being passed about and widely known; distribution.

b. Dissemination of printed material, especially copies of newspapers or magazines, among readers.

c. The number of copies of a publication sold or distributed.

American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Copyright © 2016 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

circulation

(ˌsɜːkjʊˈleɪʃən)

1. (Physiology) the transport of oxygenated blood through the arteries to the capillaries, where it nourishes the tissues, and the return of oxygen-depleted blood through the veins to the heart, where the cycle is renewed

2. (Botany) the flow of sap through a plant

3. any movement through a closed circuit

4. the spreading or transmission of something to a wider group of people or area

5. (of air and water) free movement within an area or volume

6. (Journalism & Publishing)

a. the distribution of newspapers, magazines, etc

b. the number of copies of an issue of such a publication that are distributed

7. (Library Science & Bibliography) library science

a. a book loan, as from a library lending department

b. each loan transaction of a particular book

c. the total issue of library books over a specified period

8. (Banking & Finance) a rare term for circulating medium

9. (Banking & Finance) (of currency) serving as a medium of exchange

10. (of people) active in a social or business context

Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged, 12th Edition 2014 © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2014

cir•cu•la•tion

(ˌsɜr kyəˈleɪ ʃən)

n.

1. an act or instance of circulating.

2. the continuous movement of blood through the heart and blood vessels, maintained chiefly by the action of the heart.

3. any similar circuit, passage, or flow, as of the sap in plants or air currents in a room.

4. the transmission or passage of anything from place to place or person to person; dissemination.

5. the distribution of copies of a periodical among readers.

6. the number of items distributed over a given period, as copies of a periodical sold by a publisher, or books lent by a library.

7. the total of coins, notes, bills, etc., in use as money.

Idioms:

in circulation, participating actively in social or business life.

[1645–55]

cir·cu·la·tion

(sûr′kyə-lā′shən)

The flow of blood as it is pumped by the heart to all the tissues of the body and then back to the heart. Blood that is rich in oxygen is carried away from the heart by the arteries, and blood that is low in oxygen is returned to the heart by the veins. Nutrients and waste products are exchanged between the blood and the tissues of the body through the circulation.

The American Heritage® Student Science Dictionary, Second Edition. Copyright © 2014 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend:

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Noun	1.	circulation - the dissemination of copies of periodicals (as newspapers or magazines) airing, dissemination, public exposure, spreading - the opening of a subject to widespread discussion and debate
	2.	circulation - movement through a circuit; especially the movement of blood through the heart and blood vessels organic phenomenon - (biology) a natural phenomenon involving living plants and animals blood pressure - the pressure of the circulating blood against the walls of the blood vessels; results from the systole of the left ventricle of the heart; sometimes measured for a quick evaluation of a person's health; "adult blood pressure is considered normal at 120/80 where the first number is the systolic pressure and the second is the diastolic pressure" systemic circulation - circulation that supplies blood to all the body except to the lungs pulmonary circulation - circulation of blood between the heart and the lungs vitelline circulation - circulation of blood between the embryo and the yolk sac
	3.	circulation - (library science) the count of books that are loaned by a library over a specified period library science - the study of the principles and practices of library administration count - the total number counted; "a blood count"
	4.	circulation - number of copies of a newspaper or magazine that are sold; "by increasing its circulation the newspaper hoped to increase its advertising" count - the total number counted; "a blood count"
	5.	circulation - free movement or passage (as of cytoplasm within a cell or sap through a plant); "ocean circulation is an important part of global climate"; "a fan aids air circulation" plant life, flora, plant - (botany) a living organism lacking the power of locomotion change of location, travel - a movement through space that changes the location of something
	6.	circulation - the spread or transmission of something (as news or money) to a wider group or area spreading, spread - act of extending over a wider scope or expanse of space or time recirculation - circulation again

circulation

noun

1. distribution, currency, readership The paper once had the highest circulation of any daily in the country.

2. bloodstream, blood flow Anyone with circulation problems should seek medical advice before flying.

3. flow, circling, motion, rotation Fit a ventilated lid to allow circulation of air.

4. spread, distribution, transmission, dissemination measures inhibiting the circulation of useful information

Collins Thesaurus of the English Language – Complete and Unabridged 2nd Edition. 2002 © HarperCollins Publishers 1995, 2002

circulation

noun

1. Circular movement around a point or about an axis:

circuit, circumvolution, gyration, revolution, rotation, turn, wheel, whirl.

2. The passing out or spreading about of something:

dispersal, dispersion, dissemination, distribution.

Translations

إنْتِشارتَوْزِيع

oběh

cirkulationomløb

Kreislauf Verbreitung Blutkreislauf

κυκλοφορία διακίνηση

circulación tirada

kierto

circulation

cirkulacija

keringésterjesztés

hringrás; blóîrás; útbreiîsla

circolazione tiratura

循環

순환

verspreiding

sirkulasjon sirkulering omløp

krążenie

circulação

циркуляция оборот

kroženjenakladaobtok krvi

cirkulering

การหมุนเวียน

deveran dolaşım kan dolaşımı

sự lưu thông

循环

circulation

[ˌsɜːkjʊˈleɪʃən] N

1. (gen) → circulación f
to withdraw sth from circulation → retirar algo de la circulación
to put into circulation → poner en circulación
he's back in circulation → se está dejando ver otra vez

2. (= number of papers printed) → tirada f

3. (Med) she has poor circulation → tiene mala circulación

Collins Spanish Dictionary - Complete and Unabridged 8th Edition 2005 © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1971, 1988 © HarperCollins Publishers 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 2000, 2003, 2005

circulation

[ˌsɜː^rkjʊˈleɪʃ^ən] n

[blood] → circulation f

[newspaper] → tirage m

to be in circulation [money] → être en circulation
to be out of circulation, to be withdrawn from circulation [money] → être hors de la circulation, être retiré(e) de la circulation
to be out of circulation [person] (gen) → avoir disparu de la circulation; [prisoner] → être en prison

Collins English/French Electronic Resource. © HarperCollins Publishers 2005

circulation

(= act of circulating) (Med) → Kreislauf m, → Zirkulation f; (of traffic) → Ablauf m, → Fluss m; (of money also) → Umlauf m; (of news, rumour) → Kursieren nt; to have poor circulation → Kreislaufstörungen haben; to put notes into circulation → Banknoten in Umlauf bringen; this coin was withdrawn from or taken out of circulation → diese Münze wurde aus dem Verkehr gezogen; new words which come into circulation → Wörter, die neu in Umlauf kommen; he’s back in circulation now (inf) → er mischt wieder mit (inf); to be out of circulation (inf) (person) → von der Bildfläche or in der Versenkung verschwunden sein; (criminal, politician) → aus dem Verkehr gezogen worden sein; the ideas then in circulation → die Ideen, die damals im Schwang(e) waren

(of newspaper etc) → Auflage(nziffer) f; for private circulation → zum privaten Gebrauch

Collins German Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged 7th Edition 2005. © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1980 © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1997, 1999, 2004, 2005, 2007

circulation

[ˌsɜːkjʊˈleɪʃ/ən] n (gen) → circolazione f; (of news) → diffusione f; (of newspaper) → tiratura
she has poor circulation (Med) → ha una cattiva circolazione
to withdraw sth from circulation → togliere or ritirare qc dalla circolazione
he's back in circulation (fam) → è tornato in circolazione

circulate

(ˈsəːkjuleit) verb

1. to (cause to) go round in a fixed path coming back to a starting-point. Blood circulates through the body.

2. to (cause to) spread or pass around (news etc). There's a rumour circulating that she is getting married.

ˌcircuˈlation noun

ˈcirculatory (-lə-) adjective

circulation

→ تَوْزِيع oběh cirkulation Kreislauf κυκλοφορία circulación kierto circulation cirkulacija circolazione 循環 순환 verspreiding sirkulasjon krążenie circulação циркуляция cirkulering การหมุนเวียน kan dolaşımı sự lưu thông 循环

cir·cu·la·tion

n. circulación;

___ rate → volumen circulatorio por minuto;

peripheral ___ → ___ periférica;

poor ___ → mala ___.

circulation

n circulación f; collateral — circulación colateral; extracorporeal — circulación extracorpórea; fetal — circulación fetal; pulmonary — circulación pulmonar; systemic — circulación sistémica

References in classic literature ?

It has a pulse, arteries, spasms; and I agree with the learned Maury, who discovered in it a circulation as real as the circulation of blood in animals.

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Challenger, who, being satisfied that no criticism or comment in this book is meant in an offensive spirit, has guaranteed that he will place no impediment to its publication and circulation.

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A great many rumors were in circulation with regard to this adventure.

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By multipying the means of gratification, by promoting the introduction and circulation of the precious metals, those darling objects of human avarice and enterprise, it serves to vivify and invigorate the channels of industry, and to make them flow with greater activity and copiousness.

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"You should be out, whipping up the circulation like Mr.

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'The circulation, sir,' returned Bitzer, smiling at the oddity of the question, 'couldn't be carried on without one.

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The papers collected here under the name of 'My Literary Passions' were printed serially in a periodical of such vast circulation that they might well have been supposed to have found there all the acceptance that could be reasonably hoped for them.

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Shelley was once a private person whose name had no more universal meaning than my own, and so were Byron and Cromwell and Shakespeare; yet now their names are facts as stubborn as the Rocky Mountains, or the National Gallery, or the circulation of the blood.

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Circulation was impeded, and everywhere disputes, discussions, and financial transactions were going on.

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I wouldn't have him see one of these letters, written for circulation in the family, for anything in the world.

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His conversation with Count Rostopchin and the latter's tone of anxious hurry, the meeting with the courier who talked casually of how badly things were going in the army, the rumors of the discovery of spies in Moscow and of a leaflet in circulation stating that Napoleon promised to be in both the Russian capitals by the autumn, and the talk of the Emperor's being expected to arrive next day- all aroused with fresh force that feeling of agitation and expectation in Pierre which he had been conscious of ever since the appearance of the comet, and especially since the beginning of the war.

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He lay on his side, the cords that bound his legs so tight as to bite into his tender flesh and shut off the circulation. Also, he was perishing for water, and panted, dry-tongued, dry-mouthed, in the stagnant heat.