This construct likely reflects a generalized representation of the degree to which Maori and Pakeha/European peoples and cultural and ethnic symbols are perceived as belonging to the nation, which we speculate forms the basis for a generalized implicit attitude toward the symbolic aspects of
biculturalism in NZ.
Creeks and Southerners:
Biculturalism on the Early American Frontier.
By 1963 the crescendo of discontent had developed to the point that a special ten-person federal Royal Commission on Bilingualism and
Biculturalism was established to hear these voices of change, and to assess to what extent other Canadians were willing to support greater change (Burnet, 1988:175-80).
particularly in New Zealand, have described a
biculturalism that would
Their engaging stories detail the students' personal struggles with issues such as identity and
biculturalism, family dynamics, religion, poverty, stereotypes, and the value of education.
Biculturalism entails, "the ability of a person to function effectively in more than one culture and also to switch roles back and forth as the situation changes" (Jambunathan, Burts, and Pierce, 2000).
Pearson's final resolution of the flag issue in 1964; growing ambiguities in English Canada's response to and reception of the British monarchy; and the longstanding 1960s Royal Commission on Bilingualism and
Biculturalism and the final adoption of new federal policies in these areas in 1971.
From the 1980s onward, when the Mission Sisters moved toward
biculturalism, there was a greater emphasis on recognizing the culture and place of Maori sisters in the community of the Mission Sisters.
These tensions can be framed by the competing discourses of
biculturalism and multiculturalism.
By the measure of language and institutional participation (Vereinwesen), Kazal argues, Germans were well on the road to assimilation in the decades immediately prior to the First World War, even though German neighborhoods maintained German associations and practiced, to use another felicitous formulation by Kathleeen Conzen, "a kind of
biculturalism in spite of structural assimilation." Class cooperation at work and in unions, interactions in church and neighborhoods, and leisure activities in neighborhood and town at large accelerated assimilation.
Measures used to capture the cultural dimension of acculturation were cultural enjoyment, ethnic identity,
biculturalism and cultural orientation.