One interesting phenomenon sportfishing captains observed in Chesapeake Bay back in the mid-1960s was the association of cobia and cownose rays (
Rhinoptera bonasus).
The Cownose ray
Rhinoptera bonasus (Mitchill, 1815) (Myliobatidae) is an oceanic species found occasionally in sandy bottoms near the coast, feeding a variety number of bivalve mollusks and other benthic prey (Figueiredo, 1977; Froese and Pauly, 2016).
The Cownose Ray (
Rhinoptera bonasus) is also known as Cowfish or Skeete.
Thus, ray (
Rhinoptera bonasus) liver oil could be used as an alternative source for [omega]-3 PUFA's; however, due to the high degree of instauration of these oils, special care has to be taken in order to avoid lipid oxidation and rancidity, which can affect its shelf life (IGLESIAS & MEDINA, 2008).
A noteworthy tipping point in food availability will potentially be realized if submarket and market oysters (<76 mm shell height and >76 mm shell height, respectively) on oyster grounds in the lower James River become scarce due to a combination of predation [e.g., rapa whelk, blue crab, cownose ray
Rhinoptera bonasus (Mitchill, 1815)], oyster disease, freshets, and/or fishing activity.
Spatial distribution and long-term movement patterns of cownose rays
Rhinoptera bonasus within an estuarine river.
Effects of external biotelemetry transmitters on behavior of the cownose ray
Rhinoptera bonasus (Mitchill, 1815).
For instance, the cownose ray,
Rhinoptera bonasus (Mitchill, 1815), is capable of bite forces of about 220 N (Maschner, 2000); and the bite of the large black drum, Pogonias cromis (Linnaeus, 1766), can reach up to 1250 N (Grubich, 2005).
Rosenberger (2001) observo que
Rhinoptera bonasus y Gymnura micrura se deslizaban o planeaban a traves del agua, manteniendo las aletas pectorales ligeramente dobladas hacia arriba y sin movimiento.
825.0 Atlantic menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus 20.1 King mackerel Scomberomorus cavalla 721.6 Blacktip shark Carcharhinus limbatus 667.0 Hardhead catfish Arius felis 630.2 Barbfish Scorpaena brasiliensis 609.7 Smooth dogfish Mustelus canis 591.6 Striped anchovy Anchoa hepsetus 540.8 Cownose ray
Rhinoptera bonasus 500.8 Summer flounder Paralichthys dentatus Pigfish Orthopristis chrysoptera 509.8 Scorpionfish Scorpaena spp.
Rhinoptera bonasus Mitchill 1815 (cownose ray) have been documented to destroy eelgrass beds of Zostera marina Linnaeus 1753 replacing that habitat with unstable sand (20).
As part of the new study, he and his colleagues explored some of those effects by protecting bay scallops from the cownose ray (
Rhinoptera bonasus), one of the flourishing midlevel predators.
Rhinoptera bonasus - large ray found along eastern coast of North America